Sucesso da punção intravenosa periférica após capacitação dos profissionais de enfermagem para o uso da transiluminação / Puncture Success after training nurses in the use of transillumination / Éxito de la punción venosa periférica después de la formación de profesionales de enfermería en el uso de la transiluminación

Objetivo: avaliar o índice de sucesso na primeira tentativa de cateterização intravenosa periférica em crianças após capacitação de profissionais de enfermagem para o uso de transiluminação. Método: estudo observacional, prospectivo, comparativo do tipo antes e depois, realizado com enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem que foram capacitados para a cateterização guiada pela transiluminação e observados executando 35 procedimentos antes e 35 após a capacitação, no período de novembro de 2018 a maio de 2019, após aprovação do mérito ético do protocolo de pesquisa. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e analítica. Resultados: o índice de sucesso na primeira tentativa foi de 62,9% antes e 65,7% depois (p=0,803). Os técnicos de enfermagem executaram mais a punção antes da capacitação e os enfermeiros depois (p<0,01). Conclusão: a capacitação de profissionais para realizar a punção guiada pela transiluminação aumentou o índice de sucesso na primeira tentativa de punção intravenosa periférica, sem diferença estastiticamente significativa.

Objective: to evaluate the puncture success in the first attempt in children after training nursing professionals in the use of transillumination. Method: observational, prospective, comparative before-and-after study, carried out with nurses and nursing technicians were trained for transillumination-guided catheterization and observed performing 35 procedures before and 35 after training, from November 2018 to May 2019, after approval of the ethical merit of the research. Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically. Results: success in the first attempt was 62.9% before and 65.7% after (p=0.803). Nursing technicians performed more punctures before training and nurses after (p<0.01). Conclusion: the training professionals to perform transillumination-guided puncture increased success in the first attempt at peripheral intravenous puncture, without significant statistical difference.

Objetivo: evaluar la tasa de éxito en el primer intento de cateterización venosa periférica en niños después de capacitar a los profesionales de enfermería en el uso de la transiluminación. Método: estudio observacional, prospectivo, comparativo de antes y después, realizado junto a enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería capacitados para cateterización guiada por transiluminación y observados realizando 35 procedimientos antes y 35 después del entrenamiento, de noviembre de 2018 a mayo de 2019, previa aprobación del mérito ético del protocolo de la investigación. Los datos se analizaron de forma descriptiva y analítica. Resultados: la tasa de éxito en el primer intento fue del 62,9% antes y del 65,7% después (p=0,803). Los técnicos de enfermería realizaron más punciones antes del entrenamiento y los enfermeros después (p<0,01). Conclusión: la formación de profesionales para realizar la punción guiada por transiluminación aumentó la tasa de éxito en el primer intento de punción venosa periférica, sin diferencia estadística significativa.

SARS-CoV-2 virus-induced bilateral acute iris transillumination syndrome: The first case series in literature

Inflammatory events with highly variable clinical features have been reported with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has affected the whole world. Only one case of COVID-19–associated bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) syndrome has been reported in the literature. We present a case series in which we hypothesize that the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may have a mechanism similar to the common viruses that cause BAIT, the etiology of which is still unknown.

Medium-long-term efficacy of trabeculectomy in the treatment of pigmentary glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To observe the medium-long-term efficacy of trabeculectomy in the treatment of pigmentary glaucoma(PG).METHODS: The clinical data of 38 patients(51 eyes)who were diagnosed with PG and received trabeculectomy at the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University from January 2010 to September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The postoperative follow-up ranged from 3 to 144mo. The intraocular pressure(IOP), visual acuity and refractive status were analyzed, complications were recorded and surgical efficacy was evaluated.RESULTS: The average preoperative use of IOP lowering drugs was 2.90±0.12, with a mean IOP of 18.89±7.40mmHg. The IOP at 3d, 1, 3, 6mo, 1a after surgery and the last follow-up visit were 14.68±5.08, 13.99±2.95, 14.25±2.50, 14.36±2.83, 14.33±2.66, 14.94±1.95mmHg, respectively, and postoperative IOP was significantly lower at all time points than that before surgery(P&#x003C;0.05), while there was no significant difference at all time points after surgery(P&#x003E;0.05). During the follow-up period, the visual acuity of all patients was stable, and no endophthalmitis or malignant glaucoma occurred. At the last follow-up, the complete success rate was 90%, the qualified success was 8%, and the failure rate was 2%.CONCLUSION: Trabeculectomy is a safe and effective treatment method for PG, which can effectively control the IOP, and stabilize the visual acuity and relieve the reverse pupil block.

Sensitivity and Specificity of Different Diagnostic Methods in Occlusal Caries Detection of Permanent Teeth Among Paediatric Patients

ABSTRACT@#Dental caries is a commonly progressive disease that proceeds through various degrees of severity that a dentist can detect. The aims of the in vivo study were to assess the accuracy of the individual model (near-infrared light transillumination [NILT] device, visual and radiographic examinations) in detecting occlusal caries, and to evaluate the performance of visual and NILT device combination for occlusal caries detection in deciding the treatment options. Fifty-two non-cavitated occlusal surfaces from 16 patients were assessed with three different diagnostic devices in random order. Identified lesions were prepared and validated. Logistic regression analysis was performed for each method. The sensitivity and specificity values for each method and the combined models were statistically measured using RStudio version 0.97.551. At the enamel level, visual detection was the most sensitive method (0.88), while NILT was the most specific (0.93). NILT scored the highest for sensitivity (0.93) at the dentine level and visual detection scored the highest for specificity (0.88). Visual detection + NILT model was significantly better (p = 0.04) compared to visual detection or NILT alone (df = 1). The visual-NILT combination is a superior model in detecting occlusal caries on permanent teeth. The model provided surplus value in caries detection hence improving the treatment decision-making in occlusal surfaces.

Influência de tecnologias para avaliação/visualização vascular no cateterismo intravenoso periférico: Revisão integrativa / Influencia de tecnologías para la evaluación/visualización vascular en el cateterismo intravenoso periférico: Revisión integrativa / Influence of vascular assessment/visualization in peripheral intravenous catheterization technologies: An integrative review

RESUMO Objetivo verificar a influência da ultrassonografia vascular, emissão de luz infravermelha e iluminação transdérmica no sucesso da cateterização intravenosa periférica; número de tentativas, tempo para a realização do procedimento, permanência do cateter in situ e ocorrência de complicações em crianças, quando comparadas ao método tradicional. Método trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada no período de 2018 a 2020 na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus e Web of Science. Foram selecionados estudos originais, publicados entre 2007 e 2019, que comparassem o uso dessas tecnologias com o método tradicional da cateterização intravenosa periférica em crianças de 0 - 18 anos. Resultados de 52 estudos potenciais, 25 compuseram a amostra final, 10 relacionados ao uso da ultrassonografia vascular e 11 da luz infravermelha e 4 da iluminação transdérmica. Conclusão e implicações para a prática: o ultrassom parece ser a tecnologia mais eficaz para promover a obtenção bem sucedida da cateterização intravenosa periférica, porém há necessidade de realização de mais estudos que determinem melhor a eficácia das tecnologias estudadas na obtenção e manutenção da cateterização intravenosa periférica. Poderá propiciar práticas clínicas baseadas em evidências recentes, melhorando a qualidade da assistência à criança hospitalizada e sua família, através da promoção da segurança do paciente.

RESUMEN Objetivo verificar la influencia de la ecografía vascular, la emisión de luz infrarroja y la iluminación transdérmica en el éxito del cateterismo intravenoso periférico, el número de intentos, el tiempo para realizar el procedimiento, la permanencia del catéter in situ y la aparición de complicaciones en los niños, en comparación con el método tradicional. Método esta es una revisión de literatura integradora llevada a cabo desde 2018 hasta 2020 en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus y Web of Science. Se seleccionaron estudios originales publicados entre 2007 y 2019 que compararon el uso de estas tecnologías con el método tradicional de cateterización intravenosa periférica en niños de 0 a 18 años. Resultados De 52 estudios potenciales, 25 constituyeron la muestra final, 10 relacionados con el uso de ultrasonido vascular y 11 con luz infrarroja y 4 con iluminación transdérmica. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica el ultrasonido parece ser la tecnología más efectiva para promover el logro exitoso del cateterismo intravenoso periférico, sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios para determinar mejor la efectividad de las tecnologías estudiadas para obtener y mantener el cateterismo intravenoso periférico. Puedese proporcionar prácticas clínicas basadas en evidencia reciente, mejorando la calidad de la atención para niños hospitalizados y sus familias, promoviendo la seguridad del paciente.

ABSTRACT Objective to verify the influence of vascular ultrasound, infrared light emission, and transdermal lighting on the success of peripheral intravenous catheterization, number of attempts, time to perform the procedure, catheter stay in situ and occurrence of complications in children, when compared to the traditional method. Method this is an integrative literature review carried out from 2018 to 2020 at the Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. Original studies, published between 2007 and 2019, comparing the use of these technologies with the traditional method of peripheral intravenous catheterization in children aged 0 - 18 years, were selected. Results: of 52 potential studies, 25 made up the final sample. Ten were related to vascular ultrasound use, 11 to infrared light and 4 to transdermal lighting. Conclusion and implications for practice ultrasound seems to be the most effective technology to promote the successful achievement of peripheral intravenous catheterization. However, there is a need for further studies to better determine the effectiveness of the technologies studied in obtaining and maintaining peripheral intravenous catheterization. It may provide clinical practices based on recent evidence, improving the quality of care for hospitalized children and their families, by promoting patient safety.

Tecnologia educacional para punção venosa periférica no adulto: o uso de localizador de veias / Educational technology for peripheral venipuncture in adults: use of the vein finder

Para o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências relacionadas à punção e cateterização venosa periférica há vários tipos de tecnologias disponíveis que incluem os modelos anatômicos de braço convencional, modelos com veias em látex que podem ser presos com alças sobre um braço humano e simuladores de realidade virtual. Porém, em situação real, uma das maiores dificuldades relacionadas ao procedimento e relatadas não somente por estudantes mas também por profissionais consiste em realizar a punção utilizando-se a observação, palpação e conhecimentos de anatomia. Tais conhecimentos são essenciais para a prática clínica do enfermeiro, e apesar de escassa, a literatura tem recomendado a incorporação dos venoscópios/transiluminadores para a localização de veias. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar uma tecnologia educacional sobre o uso de venoscópio para punção venosa periférica na coleta de sangue à vácuo no paciente adulto. O estudo foi desenvolvido em duas etapas, sendo a primeira uma revisão integrativa da literatura e a identificação e caracterização dos venoscópios disponíveis no Brasil e, a segunda etapa, a elaboração de vídeo educativo sobre o uso de venoscópio para coleta de sangue a vácuo no paciente adulto. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Foram analisados 23 artigos acerca do uso de venoscópio para punção venosa periférica na prática clínica nos últimos dez anos, sendo que a maioria investigou seu uso junto aos pacientes pediátricos. De maneira geral os resultados dos artigos sintetizados apontam que os venoscópios/transiluminadores melhoram a visualização da rede venosa, inclusive nos pacientes com acesso venoso difícil, mas ainda não há concordância quanto a melhora nas taxas de sucesso na canulação e tempo de execução do procedimento. A busca pelos venoscópios disponíveis para comercialização no Brasil revelou que nenhum site dispõe de informações baseadas em evidências e que apenas uma pequena porcentagem dos equipamentos são registrados na Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. A elaboração do vídeo educativo sobre o uso de venoscópio para coleta de sangue a vácuo no paciente adulto foi conduzida em quatro fases que contemplaram o desenvolvimento do roteiro, a validação do roteiro, a gravação e produção do vídeo educativo e a validação do vídeo educativo. A validação do roteiro, bem como do vídeo educativo foi realizada por 8 enfermeiros peritos e 9 enfermeiros peritos e graduandos de enfermagem, respectivamente. Foram considerados válidos cada aspecto que obteve concordância mínima de 70% dos peritos. O vídeo educativo foi considerado validado, tendo elevada concordância nos diferentes itens avaliados, alcançando índices superiores a 90%. Espera-se que ele adicione conhecimento atualizado acerca do cuidado ao paciente adulto hospitalizado cujo acesso venoso seja difícil, uma vez que o manuseio desse recurso está previsto na prática clínica profissional e das equipes especialistas em acesso venoso

For the development of skills and competences related to peripheral venous catheterization and puncture, there are several types of technologies available that include conventional arm anatomical models, latex vein models that can be attached with loops on a human arm, and virtual reality simulators. However, in a real situation, one of the greatest difficulties related to the procedure and reported not only by students but also by professionals is to perform the puncture using observation, palpation and knowledge of anatomy. Such knowledge is essential for nurses' clinical practice, and although it is scarce, the literature has recommended the incorporation of venoscopes / transilluminators to locate veins. Thus, the present study had as objective to develop and evaluate an educational technology on the use of venoscope for peripheral venous puncture in the collection of blood to the vacuum in the adult patient. The study was developed in two stages, the first one being an integrative review of the literature and the identification and characterization of the venoscopes available in Brazil, and the second stage, the elaboration of an educational video about the use of venoscope for the collection of blood by vacuum in the patient adult. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. We analyzed 23 articles about the use of venoscope for peripheral venipuncture in clinical practice in the last ten years, and the majority investigated its use among pediatric patients. In general, the results of the synthesized articles indicate that the venoscopes / transilluminators improve visualization of the venous network, even in patients with difficult venous access, but there is still no agreement as to the improvement in cannulation success rates and procedure execution time. The search for venoscopes available for commercialization in Brazil revealed that no site has evidence-based information and only a small percentage of the equipment is registered in the National Sanitary Surveillance Agency. The elaboration of the educational video about the use of venoscope for vacuum blood collection in the adult patient was conducted in four phases that included the development of the script, the validation of the script, the recording and production of the educational video and the validation of the educational video. The validation of the script as well as the educational video was performed by 8 expert nurses and 9 expert nurses and nursing undergraduates, respectively. Each aspect that obtained a minimum agreement of 70% of the experts was considered valid. The educational video was considered validated, having high agreement in the different evaluated items, reaching indexes above 90%. It is expected that he will add up-to-date knowledge about care to hospitalized adult patients whose venous access is difficult, since the handling of this feature is provided in professional clinical practice and venous access specialist teams

An unexpected complication in bilateral acute iris transillumination: Cystoid macular edema

A 47-year-old male presented with bilateral 4 + circulating pigment in the anterior chamber, diffuse iris transillumination, dilated pupils unresponsive to light, and high intraocular pressure (IOP) levels in both eyes. Visual acuity and IOP improved bilaterally with topical steroid and antiglaucomatous therapy. In the 10th month, bilateral cystoid macular edema (CME) was developed and resolved after subtenon triamcinolone injections. CME recurred after cataract surgery in the right eye which was treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection. CME was recurred in the left eye and treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implant at the same setting with cataract surgery. CME can be seen in the course of bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT). This is the first BAIT case presenting with bilateral CME.

Secondary glaucoma induced by bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris / Glaucoma secundário à despigmentação bilateral aguda da íris

Abstract We report a case of a middle-aged woman who developed acute, bilateral, symmetrical, slightly transilluminating depigmentation of the iris and pigment discharge into the anterior chamber following the use of oral moxifloxacin for bacterial sinusitis. She had been misdiagnosed as having autoimmune uveitis, treated with steroids and tropicamide, and underwent severe ocular hypertension and glaucoma despite posterior correct diagnosis.

Resumo Relato de um caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino de meia idade que desenvolveu despigmentação bilateral simultânea aguda com dispersão de pigmentos na câmara anterior e discreta transiluminação após o uso de moxifloxacino oral para tratamento de sinusite bacteriana. Ela Havia sido diagnosticada com uveite autoimune e tratada com corticosteroide tópico e tropicamida e evoluiu com hipertensão ocular grave e glaucoma apesar de ,posteriormente, o diagnóstico ter sido correto.

Digital imaging fiber optic transillumination (DIFOTI) method for determining the depth of cavity / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To analyze the accuracy of the digital imaging fiber optic transillumination (DIFOTI) on diagnosis of caries lesions depth using DIAGNOcam system.Methods:This experiment adopted self-matching design.Seventy-four extracted teeth (molar:sixty-six,premolar:eight) with one caries lesions in proximity which were not damaged in surface marginal ridge were selected.Dental calculus and dental stains were removed from the extracted teeth for standby application.A sign was marked in the middle of the occlusal surface edge at the side of decay.Then the teeth were fixed in the standard model of dentition and cavities were adjacent with the sound tooth surface.Sticky wax was applied to seal the level of 2 mm beyond cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) in the direction of occlusion and interproximal space to imitate gingival margin and gingival papilla.The standard models of dentition was seated in imitation head mold.The lesions depth degree was looked into and checked with DIAGNOcam system.Besides,the pictures on the occlusal surfaces were recorded and saved.The sign above could be seen on the picture.The measuring tool in DIAGNOcam system was used to measure the depth of the caries from the sign (as starting point) to the deepest point of caries in the pictures and its length was recorded for a.The line a was lengthened to the contralateral edge of occlusal surface in the photo and the length was recorded for b.A line from the marked point on the occlusal surface edge of the extracted teeth was draw parallel to the line b on the corresponding photo and its length was recorded for c.The depth of the cavities on the projected images was recorded for d,and calculated d/a =c/b (digital optical fiber measured decay depth/caries damage depth of the image =actual tooth width/tooth width of the image),and d =c/b × a inferred.At last,the teeth were taken out from the standard model dentition.The decay of the tooth was removed completely.The actual depth of the cavity was recorded for D.The difference between d and D was recorded for Δd.The software of SPSS 20.0 was used to test the consistency of the results,and the MedCalc 14.8.1.0 software was used for Bland-Altman analysis.Results:The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between d and D was 0.951 (ICC ＞ 75 ％),P =0.263.There was a function relationship y =0.23 ± 0.9 1x between d (x) and D (y).Bland-Altman analysis method showed that the mean of Δd (Δd) was 0.05 mm,the standard deviation of Δd (ΔdsD) =0.308,and the 95％ confidence interval was (-0.55 to 0.65).The amplitude of difference was clinically acceptable.So the consistency of the two measurement modes was high.Conclusion:There was no significant difference between the depth of caries lesions checked with DIAGNOcam system and the depth of the actual cavity,and the consistency was very good.The vitro study suggests that the DIAGNOcam system may be used to assess the depth of caries cavity as a useful tool in diagnosis and treatment.

Light-emitting diode assessment of dentinal defects: the role of presumed extraction forces

OBJECTIVES: The evaluation of iatrogenic dentinal defects in extracted teeth may be influenced by extraction forces and prolonged dry times. The purpose of this study was to compare the presence of dentinal defects in freshly extracted, periodontally compromised teeth with those in a group of teeth with uncontrolled extraction forces and storage time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experimental group consisted of eighteen roots obtained from teeth extracted due to periodontal reasons with class II or III mobility. They were kept in saline and sectioned within 1 hour following extraction. The control group consisted of matched root types obtained from an anonymous tooth collection, consistent with previous dentinal defect studies. The slices were obtained at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex. The imaging process exposed all specimens to no more than 60 seconds of dry time. The × 12.8 magnification was used for the 9 mm slices and × 19.2 magnification for the 3 mm and 6 mm slices under light-emitting diode (LED) transillumination. The root canal spaces and periodontal tissues were masked to minimize extraneous factors that might influence the evaluators. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Dentinal defects were detected in 17% of the experimental group teeth, compared to 61% of control teeth (p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: LED transillumination assessment of freshly extracted roots with class II or III mobility showed smaller number of dentinal defects than roots with uncontrolled storage time and extraction forces. The use of freshly extracted roots with mobility should be considered for future dental defect assessment studies.

A comparison of effects of four different methods to locate tracheal tube / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To compare the efficacy of four different methods to locate tracheal tube in the tracheal:modified transillumination method,21/23 cm rule,marked the intubation at a distance,and fiberoptic bronchoscope.Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted.120 endotracheally intubated adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification Ⅰ-Ⅱ and admitted to Central Hospital of Fengxian in Shanghai from January to March 2015 were enrolled.The patients were randomly divided into four groups (n =30) and located by 21/23 cm rule,marked the intubation at a distance,fiberoptic bronchoscope and modified transillumination method (using homemade locator guided by a red laser fiber to position the depth of tube) respectively.An endotracheal tube was inserted and measured the distance of the tube tip to the carina (TTC),vocal cords to tracheal tube cuff (VC-TC) in three different neck positions,i.e.neck in flexion,neutral,and extension position.The number of improper position in four groups was recorded.Results There were no significant differences in gender,age,and body mass index among the four groups.Six of the 30 patients using marked tracheal tuba method failed to find vocal cords with laryngoscope,while the other three methods all completed successfully.① From neck flexion to extension,TTC was gradually increased,while VC-TC was gradually decreased.In neck flexion and extension positions,TTC distance in the 21/23 cm rule group was significantly shorter than that in the fiberoptic bronchoscope group (cm:1.44 ± 1.14 vs.2.11 ±0.54,3.01 ±1.18 vs.3.80±0.71,both P ＜ 0.05),and the distance was also shorter than that in modified transillumination method group (cm:1.44 ± 1.14 vs.1.93 ± 0.81,3.01--1.18 vs.3.45 ± 0.91,both P ＞ 0.05).VC-TC distance in the 21/23 cm rule group was significantly longer than that in the modified transillumination,the marked intubation,and the fiberoptic bronchoscope groups in neck neutral and extension positions,respectively (cm:3.07 ± 1.08 vs.2.28±0.76,2.29±0.90,2.49±0.86;2.64±0.94 vs.1.82±0.72,1.81-0.94,2.02±0.91,all P ＜ 0.05).TTC and VC-TC distances in three neck positions in the modified transiflumination group were shorter than those in the fiberoptic bronchoscope group without statistical significance.② If TTC was too short,an accidental bronchus intubation could happen,while if VC-TC was too short,an accidental damage of the vocal cord inducing by the cuff press could happen.In the 21/23 cm rule group,there were 7 cases that the tube wrongly inserted to bronchus in neck flexion,and 1 case in neutral and extension positions respectively.In the marked intubation group,there were 4 cases that the tube wrongly inserted into bronchus in neck flexion,and 1 case in neck neutral position,and there were 4 cases that the vocal cords were pressed by the cuffs in extension position.In the modified transillumintion and the fiberoptic bronchoscope groups,there was only 1 case that the tube wrongly inserted to bronchus in neck flexion respectively.Conclusions When neck position changed during trachea intubation,it was easier that the tube wrongly inserted to bronchus for 21/23 cm rule method to locate the position.Bronchus intubations and cuff press vocal cords could happen using the marked tube method,which was less be found using modified transillumination or fiberoptic bronchoscope methods.Finally,the modified transillumination methods can be used to locate with satisfactory effect.

Bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) initially misdiagnosed as acute iridocyclitis / Transiluminação de íris aguda bilateral (BAIT) inicialmente diagnosticada como iridociclite aguda

Bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) is a relatively new clinical entity characterized by bilateral acute loss of iris pigment epithelium, iris transillumination, pigment dispersion in the anterior chamber, and sphincter paralysis. We report the case of a 30-year-old male who was initially diagnosed with acute iridocyclitis in a different clinic and treated with topical and systemic corticosteroids. He was referred to our clinic to seek another opinion because his symptoms did not improve. An ocular examination revealed bilateral pigment dispersion into the anterior chamber, diffuse iris transillumination, pigment dusting on the anterior lens capsule, atonic and distorted pupils, and increased intraocular pressure, suggesting a diagnosis of BAIT rather than iridocyclitis. Clinicians should be aware of the differential diagnosis of syndromes associated with pigment dispersion from iridocyclitis to avoid aggressive anti-inflammatory therapy and detailed investigation for uveitis.

A transiluminação de íris aguda bilateral (do inglês, bilateral acute iris transillumination, BAIT) é uma entidade clínica relativamente nova, caracterizada pela perda aguda bilateral do epitélio pigmentado da íris, transiluminação iriana, dispersão de pigmentos na câmara anterior, e paralisia do esfíncter pupilar. Nós relatamos o caso de um homem de 30 anos que foi diagnosticado com iridociclite aguda e tratado com corticosteroides tópicos e sistêmicos. Ele foi encaminhado ao nosso serviço para outra opinião, porque seus sintomas não melhoram com a terapia. Um exame oftalmológico revelou dispersão bilateral de pigmentos para a câmara anterior, transiluminação difusa de íris, pigmento difusa na cápsula anterior do cristalino, pupilas atônicas e distorcidas, e um aumento da pressão intraocular, o que sugere um diagnóstico de BAIT em vez de iridociclite. Os médicos devem estar cientes do diagnóstico diferencial das síndromes associadas à dispersão de pigmento com a iridociclite para evitar a terapia antiinflamatória agressiva e investigação detalhada para uveíte.

A comparison of degree of precision of auscultation, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in end-expiration, and transillumination technique in verifying accurate position of endotracheal tube / 中华危重病急救医学

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of auscultation, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in end-expiration (PETCO2), transillumination technique to judge whether the endotracheal tube is misplaced into the esophagus. Methods A blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted. Sixty patients with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) gradeⅠ-Ⅱundergoing endotracheal intubation in Fengxian Central Hospital admitted from September 2014 to February 2015 were enrolled. Two endotracheal tubes with the same size were respectively inserted into the trachea and esophagus for the same depth after general anesthesia by the same person. Two blinded anesthetists with different experience checked the tube position using three methods including auscultation, PETCO2, and transillumination technique, respectively. The order of the tubes tested (trachea or esophagus) and the method used were randomized according to randomise numbers table. The experienced anesthetists conducted the test first, followed by an inexperienced anesthetist conducting the same methods. The numbers of right and wrong determinations with different methods by different anesthetists were recorded.Results Sixty patients underwent the procedures for 180 times, with intratracheal intubation for 90 times, and esophageal intubation for 90 times. It was shown that the results were not different in two groups [96.7% (174/180) vs. 92.2% (166/180),χ2 = 3.500,P = 0.057]. By using auscultation, the correct rate of experienced anesthetist was higher than that of inexperienced (95.0% vs. 78.3%,χ2 = 5.786,P = 0.013). Using PETCO2, both anesthetists were correct in all cases, and the accuracy was 100%. Using transillumination, the experienced anesthetist was mistaken in 3 cases (accuracy was 95.0%), while the inexperienced mistook in 1 case (accuracy was 98.3%), and no significant difference was found between two groups (χ2 = 0.500,P = 0.250). The correct rate of using transilluminaion was significantly higher than that of using auscultation (χ2 = 7.563,P = 0.004). The sensitivity and specificity of the auscultation was 70.0% and 80.0%, that of transillumination technique was 96.7% and 93.3%,and PETCO2 was 100%, respectively, for two groups.ConclusionsPETCO2 is the most reliable method for determining tube position, and it is superior to auscultation and transilluminaion. Transillumintaion technique is superior to auscultation, irrespective of anesthetists' experience, while the accuracy of auscultation showed an obvious relationship with the anesthetists' experience.

Comparison between Glidescope and Lightwand for tracheal intubation in patients with a simulated difficult airway / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Although Lightwand and Glidescope have both shown high success rates for intubation, there has been no confirmation as to which device is most effective for difficult endotracheal intubation. We compared the Glidescope and Lightwand devices in terms of duration of intubation and success rate at the first attempt in a simulated difficult airway situation. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients were randomized to undergo tracheal intubation with either the Glidescope (Glidescope group, n = 29) or the Lightwand (Lightwand group, n = 29). All patients were fitted with a semi-hard cervical collar in order to simulate a difficult airway, and intubation was attempted with the assigned airway device. The data collected included the rate of successful endotracheal intubation, the number of attempts required, the duration of the intubation, as well as the interincisor distance, hemodynamic variables, and adverse effects. RESULTS: There was no difference between Glidescope group (92.6%) and Lightwand group (96.4%) in terms of success rate for the first attempt at intubation. The duration of successful intubation for the first tracheal intubation attempt was significantly longer in Glidescope group than in Lightwand group (46.9 sec vs 29.5 sec, P = 0.001). All intubations were completed successfully within two intubation attempts. The incidence of hypertension was significantly higher in Glidescope group than in Lightwand group (51.9% vs 17.9%, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: In a simulated difficult airway situation, endotracheal intubation using Lightwand yielded a shorter duration of intubation and lower incidence of hypertension than when using Glidescope.

Endotracheal intubation using i-gel(R) and lightwand in a patient with difficult airway: a case report / 대한마취과학회지

This case report involves tracheal intubation using i-gel(R) in combination with a lightwand in a patient with a difficult airway, classified as Cormack-Lehane grade 3. I-gel(R) was used during anesthesia induction to properly maintain ventilation. The authors have previously reported successful tracheal intubation on a patient with a difficult airway through the use of i-gel(R) and a fiberoptic bronchoscope. However, if the use of a fiberoptic bronchoscope is not immediately available in a patient with a difficult airway, tracheal intubation may be performed by using i-gel(R) and a lightwand in a patient with difficult airway, allowing the safe induction of anesthesia.

Tension Pneumothorax in the First Hour of Newborn Life

Pneumothorax is an uncommon occurrence at birth. We report a case of a preterm male baby born to a primip through caesarean section. He did not cry immediately after birth, but spontaneous respirations developed after successful neonatal resuscitation. However, a few minutes after resuscitation, the infant developed respiratory distress, grunting and cyanosis. On examination, decreased air entry to the left side of the chest and shift of the trachea and apex beat to the right side were observed, and transillumination of the left side of the chest was positive. Infantogram was done to confirm the diagnosis of pneumothorax on left side of the chest.

Bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris (BADI): first reported case in Brazil / Despigmentação aguda bilateral da íris (BADI): primeiro relato de caso no Brasil

Bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris (BADI) is a recently described entity characterized by acute onset of pigment dispersion in the anterior chamber, depigmentation of the iris, and heavy pigment deposition in the anterior chamber angle. Involvement is always bilateral, simultaneous, and symmetrical. We report the case of a 61-year-old man who presented with bilateral ocular pain, red eyes, and severe photophobia. Examination revealed a dense Krukenberg spindle, heavy pigment dispersion in the anterior chamber, extensive transillumination iris defects, and a heavy pigment deposition in the trabecular meshwork bilaterally. Intraocular pressure increased to 48 mmHg in both eyes. The patient received topical steroids, maximum hypotensive treatment and oral valacyclovir. Intraocular pressure gradually decreased throughout the second and third months, and medications were gradually tapered. The time to complete resolution of pigment dispersion was 18 weeks. Visual acuity and visual fields remained normal, but the photophobia was permanent.

Despigmentação aguda bilateral da íris (BADI) é uma nova doença caracterizada pela despigmentação aguda da íris, dispersão de pigmentos na câmara anterior e intensa deposição de pigmentos no seio camerular. O acometimento é sempre bilateral, simultâneo e simétrico. Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 61 anos, com dor ocular bilateral aguda, hiperemia e intensa fotofobia. Ao exame, apresentava denso fuso de Krukenberg, importante dispersão de pigmentos na câmara anterior, extensos defeitos à transiluminação iriana e densa deposição de pigmentos no seio camerular em ambos os olhos. O paciente recebeu corticoide tópico, terapia hipotensora máxima e valacyclovir oral. A pressão intraocular chegou a 48 mmHg em ambos os olhos mas foi reduzindo gradativamente ao longo do segundo e terceiro meses, permitindo a suspensão gradativa da medicação. A resolução completa da dispersão pigmentar demorou 18 semanas. A acuidade e os campos visuais permaneceram normais, mas o paciente manteve a fotofobia.

Estudo da anatomia endoscópica da fossa lacrimal guiado por transiluminacão / Transillumination-guided study of the endoscopic anatomy of the lacrimal fossa

A dacriocistorrinostomia é o tratamento de escolha para a obstrução do aparelho lacrimal. No final do século passado, o desenvolvimento da instrumentação endoscópica em cirurgia nasossinusal tornou viável sua realização por via endonasal. Entretanto, variações anatômicas tornam difícil a reprodutibilidade de uma técnica de abordagem endonasal. Objetivo: Estudar a anatomia endoscópica da fossa lacrimal através da transiluminação do canalículo comum. Forma de estudo: Experimental. Material e método: Foram dissecadas 40 vias lacrimais de 20 cadáveres humanos, constando três etapas: 1 - identificação e dilatação do canalículo lacrimal. 2 - introdução do feixe de fibra óptica; 3 - dissecção endoscópica do saco lacrimal, descrevendo sua posição. Resultados: A posição mais frequente do saco lacrimal foi entre a borda livre do corneto médio e sua inserção e imediatamente abaixo desta. A linha maxilar foi visualizada em 95 por cento dos casos. A septoplastia foi necessária em 12,5 por cento, uncifectomia em 35 por cento e turbinectomia média em 7,5 por cento. Conclusão: embora o saco lacrimal tenha mostrado uma localização mais frequente, sua posição variou consideravelmente. A transiluminação do canalículo comum mostrou-se útil, resolvendo o problema da variabilidade anatômica.

Dacryocystorhinostomy is the treatment of choice for the obstruction of the lachrymal apparatus. At the end of last century, the development of the endoscopic instruments for nasosinusal surgery has made it possible to do it through the endoscopic pathway. Nonetheless, anatomical variations make it difficult to have reproducibility endonasaly. AIM: study the endoscopic anatomy of the lachrymal fossa through transillumination of the common canaliculus. Study design: experimental. Materials and methods: we dissected 40 lachrymal pathways from 20 human cadavers, in three stages: 1. identification and dilation of the lachrymal canaliculus. 2 - Optic fiber beam introduction; 3 - endoscopic dissection of the lachrymal sac, describing its position. Results: the most frequent position of the lachrymal sac was between the free border of the middle turbinate and its insertion immediately underneath it. The maxillary line was seen in 95 percent of the cases. Septoplasty was needed in 12.5 percent, unicifectomy in 35 percent and middle turbinectomy in 7.5 percent. Conclusion: Although the lachrymal sac has a more frequent location, its position varied considerably. The transillumination of the common canaliculus proved useful, solving the problem of the anatomical variability.

Valor de los marcadores epidemiológicos y sonográficos del primer trimestre como indicadores de riesgo de cromosomopatías / Value of first trimester epidemiologic and sonographic markers as chromosome-diseases risk indicators

La pesquisa prenatal de anomalías cromosómicas mediante el uso de marcadores epidemiológicos y sonográficos del primer trimestre, permite identificar gestantes con riesgo incrementado de cromosomopatías, se ofrece la opción del diagnóstico prenatal citogenético. OBJETIVOS: realizar una evaluación preliminar de la utilidad de los marcadores ecográficos del primer trimestre, como predictores de anomalías cromosómicas en las gestantes que se realizaron diagnóstico prenatal citogenético. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de corte transversal con el objetivo de realizar una evaluación preliminar de la utilidad de los marcadores ultrasonográficos, como predictores de anomalías cromosómicas durante el primer trimestre. Para la realización de esta investigación fue analizada una muestra de 2 507 gestantes que se realizaron el estudio citogenético indicado en la consulta citogenética del Departamento Provincial de Genética de Ciudad de la Habana, perteneciente al Hospital Ginecoobstétrico Ramón González Coro, en el período comprendido entre enero del año 2006 y diciembre de 2007. RESULTADOS: la translucencia nucal elevada incrementó de forma significativa el riesgo de anomalías cromosómicas. El hueso nasal, no mostró asociación con los cariotipos positivos. Dada la no realización sistemática del ductus venoso, no se pudo establecer una asociación estadística. CONCLUSIONES la translucencia nucal aumentada, incrementó significativamente el riesgo de defectos cromosómicos, no obstante, su sensibilidad estuvo por debajo de lo previamente descrito en otras investigaciones

Prenatal screening of chromosomal anomalies using epidemiological and sonographic markers during the first trimester, allow identifying pregnant with high risk of chromosome disease; we offer the cytogenetics prenatal diagnosis as option. OBJECTIVES: to made a preliminary assessment on usefulness of echographic marker during the first trimester like predictors of chromosomal anomalies in pregnant with a cytogenetics prenatal diagnosis. METHODS: a descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted for a preliminary assessment on usefulness of ultrasonograpic markers like predictors of chromosomal anomalies during the first trimester. In research a sample including 2 507 pregnants with cytogenetics study prescribed in cytogenetics consultation of Genetics Provincial department of Havana City from the Ramón González Cor Gynecology-Obstetrics Hospital during January, 2006 and December, 2007. RESULTS: the high transillumination nuchal increased in a significant way the risk of chromosomal anomalies. Nasal bone has not association with other positive karyotypes. Given the no systemic performing of ductus venous, it was impossible to establish a statistical association. CONCLUSIONS: the increase nuchal transillumination increases significantly the risk of chromosomal defects; however, its sensitivity was below the previously described in other researches